The global economy in 2025 presents a mixed picture—while some countries are recovering rapidly from the impacts of COVID and geopolitical shocks, other countries are still mired in persistent economic turbulence. In this markedly complex world, Pakistan is grappling with some of the worst economic challenges including inflation, currency devaluation, debt, and many more structural […]
Introduction: The Quran is revered as the last book of Allah (SWT) revealed to humanity, which He sent down via Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Quran can genuinely give calming guidance in treasured ease of its reading, understanding, and reflecting. For the sake of broadening access, we offer free downloadable PDFs of the Quran in its
Policy Considerations and Government Interventions A. How subsidies affect the elasticity equation If Farm subsidies shake up the typical demand elasticity patterns we see in agricultural markets. When governments step in with direct payments or price supports, they create an artificial price floor that changes how consumers and producers respond to market signals. Take corn
What is Elasticity of Demand for Agricultural ProductsRead More »
Linear and Quadratic Production Model Simplifying agricultural planning with linear models Agricultural planning doesn’t have to be complicated. Linear production models are the workhorses of farm management—straightforward, practical, and surprisingly effective. These models assume a direct, proportional relationship between inputs and outputs. Picture this: for every pound of fertilizer you add, you get an additional
Agricultural Production Functions Explained with Simple ModelRead More »
Farmers are constantly seeking innovative ways to enhance crop yields while minimizing water waste. Smart irrigation systems have emerged as a game-changer in precision agriculture, allowing for more efficient water use and improved crop health. By leveraging advanced technologies such as sensors and data analytics, smart irrigation systems enable farmers to make data-driven decisions. This
Smart Irrigation Systems to Boost Crop Yields EfficientlyRead More »
In the realm of spiritual guidance, few names resonate as profoundly as Hazrat Ali, a revered figure known for his wisdom and insight. His inspirational quotes have been a beacon of hope and guidance for many, offering timeless wisdom that transcends generations. These quotes not only provide life guidance but also serve as a reminder
The intricate relationships between Iran, Israel, and Islam have been a focal point of global attention, influencing the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East. The complex dynamics at play involve a delicate balance of historical, religious, and political factors, often leading to conflict and tension in the region. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for grasping
Unraveling the Dynamics of Iran, Israel, and IslamRead More »
Agricultural economics examines how scarce resources are allocated in farming and food systems. At its core are the laws of supply and demand – basic microeconomic principles explaining how the quantity of crops produced (supply) and the quantity consumers want (demand) determine market prices. In agriculture, supply and demand interact under influences like weather, technology,
Demand and Supply in Agricultural Markets: A Student GuideRead More »
Castor seed (Ricinus communis) is a vital industrial oilseed crop known for its high oil content and diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and lubricants. In Pakistan, castor seed cultivation has been a part of traditional dryland farming systems, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This article explores the historical trends in the area, production, and
77 years Castor Seed Data in Pakistan: Area, Yield & ProductionRead More »
Bridging the gap between farms, markets, and sustainable futures. 1. Why Agricultural Economics Matters Agricultural economics applies micro- and macro-economic tools to the production, distribution, and consumption of food and fiber. Because agriculture sits at the nexus of land, water, labor, and energy, its economics directly influence: Area Key Questions Agricultural Economists Ask Food Security
How Agricultural Economics Impacts Food Security and Climate PolicyRead More »